Name: BRUNA CAMPANHARO BATISTA
Type: MSc dissertation
Publication date: 19/12/2018
Advisor:

Name	Role
ALVIM BORGES DA SILVA FILHO	Advisor *

Examining board:

Name	Role
ALVIM BORGES DA SILVA FILHO	Advisor *
EDNILSON SILVA FELIPE	Internal Examiner *

Summary: The production and consumption patterns in the XXI century have provided global
development and advantage to its population; however, they produce high levels of
solid residues. This great production has brought to the world’s attention the need to
manage these residues on a sustainable way; which means the goal is to narrow the
environmental impact throughout reducing the production and promoting the
recycling, regeneration and reuse of solid residues. In order to do so, Brazil has
published, in 2010, its National Politics to Solid Residues, PNRS. Due to Brazil’s
large territorial extension, the best solution to this rule was to adapt and branch it
according to each region reality – at all levels: federal, state and municipalities.
PNRS has established reverse logistics – a sequence of operations that begin on the
customers and ends on the producers – which uses activities such as recycling,
reusing and reprocessing goods. The rule also presents economic tools(IE), a
reverse logistics tool that can be applied at all government levels: national, states
and cities. According to MMA, Environmental Ministry, the states have to promote the
use of the IE as an initiative to protect the integrity of the global environmental
system. A question guides this job: what is the most effective and coherent to use the
IE in order to apply and extend reverse logistics? Within this question, the intention is
to analyze and describe the IE current situation inside the activities developed by the
different reverse logistics chains when it comes to the PNRS. To achieve the
intended, in the beginning a bibliographic research was done, in which it was
concluded that the most used IE internationally and in Brazil. In addition, a
documental research was done and, as its results, it was found legislations published
at city level aiming to take care of solid residues. From the results of the documental
research, a field research was made in which the city halls that implemented the laws
that were part of the samples, through a semi-structured interview, described the
current state of their implanted laws. As result, it was noticed that the main IE used
internationally were the ones applied on goods and inputs, deposit-refund system
and collect taxes based on quantity. This points out to the consideration and care
from the production to the disposal. While in Brazil the rules focus is on the first step
of reverse logistics: collecting. Brazilians need to also handle flexible and embracing
orientations, which allows the implementation of the IE but doesn’t regulate nor
determine governors to offer it to the society. An specific legislation is needed that
starts acting on the main residues on the cities, taking into consideration the
enterprises all around it, in a way the government and entrepreneurs align to the
purpose of a more effective management of solid residues. However, before
improving the law guidelines it is necessary to assure they will practice it, since after
the interviews with the city halls it was detected that only 29% of the laws found were
applied and that 50%, though already valid, are not being used properly. After the
analysis of the current state of IEs, it was observed that there aren’t many barriers
that need to be gone through for the bigger efficiency and expansion of reverse
logistics. The real scenario is that the governmental actions in Brazil are beginners
and need to evolve, but to do so government, entrepreneurs and society must be
aligned among themselves.

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